Frequently Asked Questions

FAQ

What are the terminologies on floor and roof framing?

Studs, plates, headers, rafters, girders, flooring and joists are all terms used to identify different components in framing.

What is the steel frame structure system?

Steel frame is a building technique with a "skeleton frame" of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The development of this technique made the construction of the skyscraper possible.

What are vertical wood beams that serve to frame a structure called?

Studs. Studs are framing members that run vertically from top plate to bottom plate. They are usually spaced 16 or 24 inches apart, from center to center, and are one of the most common components of a wall panel.

What supports floor framing?

Floor joists are supporting members used in building floors that span over an open space and between load-bearing walls and structural beams. They are placed parallel and equidistant to each other, and connect to vertical members like studs and support beams which distribute weight across the rest of the framing.

What is the space behind drywall called?

If the sheetrock is off, we call the space between the studs a 'bay' as in 'run those wires through these stud bays [or joist bay]. Once the wall is covered the sealed space is called a void or cavity.

What is behind a wall in a house?

Typically, when builders construct a house, they conceal electrical wiring, air ducts, insulation, home networking wires and plumbing within the walls. It's important for all those systems to be well-made and high-functioning, but in the case of plumbing it's especially vital.

What is behind exterior wall?

Studs and framing make up your home's wall structure. Studs, which create the vertical framework behind the wall, serve several purposes, including carrying the weight of the floor or roof above and directing that weight toward the foundation; and serving as a necessary layer to which plywood or sheathing is attached.

What is in a wall space called?

In architecture, a niche (CanE, UK: /ˈniːʃ/ or US: /ˈnɪtʃ/) is a recess, a cavity in a wall, typically holding a decorative element: a statue, a vase, etc. In Classical architecture examples are an exedra or an apse that has been reduced in size, retaining the half-dome heading usual for an apse.

What is usually behind drywall?

Wires. Electrical cables are usually behind drywall, either running horizontally through holes in the studs or stapled vertically up the sides of studs. Outlet cables tend to be about 12 inches high. Light switches are around 48 inches high, so expect to see electric cables around that area.

What is a covered patio called?

The word pergola has come to be used interchangeably with patio cover. Patio cover. An attached structure that provides shade and/or rain coverage for a patio or deck.

What is a patio structure called?

While an arbor is a smaller structure, pergolas tend to be much larger outdoor shade structures. They include a lattice-style roof that is supported by posts and are used to cover and define larger areas, including entire patios or outdoor seating areas.

What is a slatted patio cover called?

Louver. A louver is a panel of parallel slats that can open and close to allow airflow and light penetration. Incorporated into today's modern pergolas, louvers can allow the homeowner to control the amount of sun and shade reaching their outdoor living space, and even close to block out rain, sleet and snow.

What is a roofed pergola called?

Pergolas with a roof are often referred to as pavilions. Although they are quite similar in design, a pavilion is a freestanding pergola with a fixed roof that generally completely covers the pergola.

What is another name for a covered porch?

Veranda

A veranda is basically a large porch, usually used for entertainment or as a gallery room. Verandas are roofed and will often wrap around the front of a house – different from typical porches – and can even extend way around the sides.

What holds a house up?

1. Foundation. Most houses are held up by cinder blocks under the exterior, perimeter wall of the house. Mortar holds them together and allows them to seat properly to be there a long time. Under the concrete blocks, however, is the footer.

What is the sheet metal used to prevent water seepage around the chimney called?

D Explanation: Flashing is sheet metal (or other material) used to protect and deflect water from areas in a roof with joints and angles, such as around a chimney.

What are the names of the parts of a house frame?

Framing is a construction system. Studs, plates, headers, rafters, girders, flooring and joists are all terms used to identify different components in framing.

What is the strongest foundation for a house?

Poured concrete

Poured concrete is the strongest type of foundation for a house. Concrete is incredibly strong and durable, and it can be poured into any shape. This makes it ideal for supporting the weight of a house. Block foundations are also very strong, but they are not as flexible as poured concrete.

How do I stop my chimney from leaking in the rain?

Relining your chimney is one of the best ways to prevent rain from entering your chimney if you consistently notice water dripping into your fireplace every time it rains.

What type of framing is used in most residential construction?

Platform framing, also called stick framing, is by far the most common type of residential framing. In platform framing, each floor is framed separately atop the others. This requires shorter, less expensive lengths of lumber and makes the construction easier.

What are the two basic types of floor framing being used today?

The basic types of floor framing are Platform (building one story/level on top of another) and Balloon. Of these two methods, Platform Framing is used more extensively because it is easier, faster and safer.

What are the three common uses for parallel strand lumber PSL )?

Parallel-strand lumber (PSL) is a form of engineered wood made from parallel wood strands bonded together with adhesive. It is used for beams, headers, columns, and posts, among other uses.

Which of the following is a characteristic of post and beam framing?

The distinctive characteristic of post and beam framing is ...... the spacing of vertical posts and the cross sectional dimension of the members.

How much does a framed house weigh?

According to the people who move entire house buildings for a living, the house itself, minus that foundation and basement utilities weights 80,000 - 160,000 pounds. The delivered weight for the materials for an average foundation is 160,000 to 200,000 pounds. What's that give us? 240,000 - 360,000 pounds.

How heavy is a framed wall?

Ten pounds per square foot (480 Pa) for interior light-frame wood walls. Five pounds per square foot (240 Pa) for interior light-frame cold-formed steel walls. Eighty pounds per square foot (3830 Pa) for 8-inch-thick (203 mm) masonry walls.

How much does a 2000 square foot house weigh?

Rules of thumb around the construction industry are 200 pounds per square foot for a single-level home, 275 for two levels and 350 for three levels. This figure is predicated on no heavy features such as tile roofing or extensive masonry work, but includes foundation.

What is the average weight of a 4 bedroom house?

The average weight of a four bedroom house is roughly 6,000 pounds. If you are moving large appliances, like refrigerators, dishwashers or ovens, it can add up considerably. This estimate also doesn't account for rooms that are overly full.

How much does 2x4 framing weigh?

On average, a 2×4 weighs 9 lbs. for an 8-foot board. However, 2×4 weight varies depending on a number of factors, so understanding those variables is key to fitting the right amount of lumber in your truck.

What is framing in construction terms

What are studs under windows called?	Cripple studs- short studs under and over window doors or openings. Trimmer studs- fits inside window and door openings next to King stud. Clip Wall studs- any short interior studs used in short partition walls.
What was the name of the stud that was under the window sill?	While a jack stud is used to support the weight of the header, a cripple stud is cut to add additional framing above the door or window opening, and below a window.
What are the short studs under a sill called?	Cripple Studs – short studs installed above a header or below a window sill or saddle.
What are the names of the studs in construction?	Components include bottom and top plates, studs, king studs, jack studs, trimmer studs, cripple studs, sills, headers, and door and window openings.
Is there a stud under a window?	Windows usually have a stud on each side, but trimwork can make finding the stud tricky. Start with outlets and light switches for the quickest and most accurate results. Tap the sides of the outlet to locate which side has the stud support.
What is the wood at the top of a wall called?	At the top of the wall is the top plate. Often a doubled 2x4, it anchors the top ends of the studs as well as ties the wall into the ceiling.
What type of wood do you use for headers?	Engineered-lumber headers I've used engineered lumber as single-ply headers, multi-ply headers, and rim-board headers. In many cases, the engineered-lumber members can span greater distances compared to sawn-lumber headers of similar sizes.
What are the studs above a header called?	While a jack stud is used to support the weight of the header, a cripple stud is cut to add additional framing above the door or window opening, and below a window.
What are 4 different types of wood that are commonly used in the construction industry?	Most Used Types Of Wood For Construction Oak: It is extremely durable and resistant to insect damage. Walnut: Walnut is a top choice for furniture, musical instruments, and veneers. Maple: This construction material is designed to stand the test of time. Mahogany: Mahogany trees are found in tropical areas.
What is the top board in a wall layout called?	The top plate is the upper horizontal framing member of a stud wall. It is typically the same width as the studs and bottom plate and is some type of stress-graded dimensional lumber, commonly 2x4 or 2x6.
What is a header in construction?	A header is a single member composed of two or more wood members, securely attached together and used to transfer loads above openings. Headers are used to create openings for windows, doors, and interior passageways. They serve a significant structural purpose.
What is another name for a header in construction?	Essentially, headers and lintels are mostly the same. Most people in the United States use the word lintel, while in some parts they are also called a header. Both of them do the same job. They are beams that mainly function to support openings in homes and buildings.
What is a joist header in construction?	Header joists – A header, or rim joist, is used to frame an opening in the floor. It provides lateral stability. Floor joists – Floor joists are large wood framing members that are positioned on their narrow ends. They are evenly spaced and are connected to the sill plate.
What are the different types of building headers?	And, we'll show you the three main header styles materials: solid, laminated and engineered lumber, and wood I-Beam.
What does a header look like in construction?	A header in the construction and engineering world is a beam over an opening that disperses the structural load to the outside of the opening to keep structural integrity. Otherwise, the load from the roof, floor, or whatever is above the opening can lead to stress that can cause cracks, shifting, or even worse.
Why platform framing has become the framing method of choice?	Balloon framing has less vertical shrinkage from drying out of the wood, while platform framing is easier and safer to erect, uses shorter lengths of lumber for studs, and is automatically firestopped, for which reasons it has become the method of choice.
What method of sill construction is used in platform framing?	Sill and Floor Construction. Question Answer The sill in most residential construction is_________. 2" X 6" Platform framing utiizes a method of sill construction known as ______ construction. box sill. T-sill construction is used with ____ frraming. balloon. The actual size of a 2" X 12" floor joist is ___. 1-12" X 11-1/4"
What is the main difference between balloon and platform framing quizlet?	Platform framing is used only for single-story houses. Platform framing requires added fireblocking. Balloon framing uses only 8ʹ long studs. In balloon framing, studs extend from the foundation to the rafters.
What is the platform-frame construction method?	In the Platform-Frame construction system each floor of a building functions as a platform to support the floors above. Although developed in Northern Europe, the Platform-Frame system is widely used in North America. Each wall or floor is composed of evenly spaced laminated wood or KVH structural timber studs.
What is a horizontal framing member that supports a ceiling or floor called?	A joist is a horizontal structural member used in framing to span an open space, often between beams that subsequently transfer loads to vertical members.
What are ceiling supports called?	A ceiling joist serves as a supporting element for a ceiling. A floor joist supports a floor. A rafter is a sloped structural support in a roof that extends from the ridge line down to the perimeter or eaves. A rafter serves to support the roof and its load.
What are the supports between the floor and the ceiling?	Joist – One of a series of parallel beams used to support floor and ceiling loads, and supported in turn by larger beams, girders, or bearing wall.
What construction workers are called framers?	A framer is a construction industry professional who is responsible for building and repairing the wooden frames (the walls, floors and roofs) of structures. Framers help construct residential as well as commercial and industrial buildings. Framers might also place doors, windows and fixtures.
What do you call someone who does framing?	Framers build, install, maintain and repair foundations, exterior doors and windows, floors, walls and roofs. They are employed by single- and multi-family home builders, construction companies, framing contractors and factory maintenance departments, or they may be self-employed.
What's the difference between a framer and a carpenter?	Framers exclusively build framing for housing or other buildings. The difference between a framer and a rough carpenter is that a framer specializes in only framework and is often individually hired for lone projects or on a contract.
Is framing a type of carpentry?	A framing and rough carpentry contractor performs any form work, framing or rough carpentry necessary to construct framed structures; installs or repairs individual components of framing systems and performs any rough carpentry or associated work, including but not limited to the construction or installation of: sub-
What is the difference between a framer and a founder?	The term "framers" is sometimes used to specify those who helped "craft" the Constitution. "Founding Fathers" often refers to people who contributed to the development of independence and nationhood. However, the notion of a "framer" or a "Founding Father" is not easily defined.

• What are exposed beams in a house called?

  • What is a ceiling beam? Known also as exposed beam ceilings, exposed rafters, exposed timber beams or exposed trusses, ceiling beam configuration uses number of exposed joists and beams that have been designed to create visual interest and bring individual flair to your ceiling.

• What are the wood beams that hold up roof?
  • Rafters are normally made from wood or metal, and they run from one end of the roof to the other to form the main framework, meeting at the apex. They support the covering and insulation for the roof.

• What is a beam that extend from the ridge of the roof to the eaves and serve to give slope and to support the covering of the roof?
  • A rafter is defined as one of a series of sloped structural pieces (typically wooden beams) that extend from the hip or ridge to eave, wall plate, or downslope perimeter. They're designed to support the roof deck, shingles, and everything else that goes with the roof.

• How thick is a 2x8 wall?

  • 7.25 inch

    Actual cavity depth is 3.5 inch for 2x4, 5.5 inch for 2x6, 7.25 inch for 2x8, 9.25 inch for 2x10, and 11.25 inch for 2x12.

• Can you frame a wall with 2x8?
  • by using 2x8 framing it allows you to frame on 24″ O.C. instead of 16″ O.C. This allows more insulation in the cavity with less thermal bridging from the studs. You end up with a more energy efficient wall.

• What is 2 * 4 in house framing?

  • In a general sense, "2x4" walls refers to light-frame built construction as opposed to other methods, such as concrete or post-frame building. The term "2-by-4 wall" basically means that the framing materials use 2-inch-by-4-inch studs made of wood or metal.

• What does 2x6 construction mean?

  • 2×6 walls are two inches wider compared to 2×4 which means a custom home built with 2×4 walls will have an interior that is four inches deeper than it would be with 2×6 walls. Because 2×6 construction costs more, you'd essentially spend money on unusable square footage.

• How much stronger is a 2x8 than a 2x4?

  • A flat 2x4 has about 20% the strength as a standing one. a flat 2x6 has about 7% the strength as a standing one. a flat 2x8 has about 4% the strength as a standing one.

• In what type of construction do studs extend continuously to the second floor ceiling?

  • With balloon frame construction the studs extend continuously to the ceiling of the second floor, providing a smooth unbroken wall surface at each floor level.

• What are the two types of house framing?

  • The main difference between platform and balloon framing is at the floor lines. The balloon wall studs extend from the sill of the first story all the way to the top plate or end rafter of the second story. The platform-framed wall, on the other hand, is independent for each floor.

• What are vertical studs called?

  • A sill or saddle is installed under a window. The window rests on the sill or saddle for support. Cripples are vertical boards that support the sill or saddle and the window itself. Trimmers are also called “jack studs.” They are installed vertically from the header to the sill.

• What is double stud construction?

  • A double-stud wall is constructed by building two framed walls which form a wall cavity that is wider than conventional 2 x 6 framing. This cavity allows for more insulation in the home's exterior walls and reduces or even eliminates thermal bridging.

• What are the main support beams for a home called?

  • What is the Main (or Center) Beam? As the name suggests, it's the large wooden beam that runs the length of your home. The main beam is held up by support posts, usually made of concrete or steel. The floor joists rest on top of the main beam, and the subfloor is built on top of the joists.

• What are the 4 types of beam supports?
  • Different Types of Structural Supports
    • Fixed Support. A fixed support is the most rigid type of support or connection.
    • Pinned Support. A pinned support is a very common type of support and is most commonly compared to a hinge in civil engineering.
    • Roller Support.
    • Simple Support.
• What is the beam that holds up a house?

  • A roof beam is a load-bearing member that is integral to the strength of the building. It supports the floor or roof above while adding integrity to the walls. In addition, it also supports joists, trusses and other roofing elements.

• What is a structural beam in a house?

  • A beam is the main load-bearing structural element of a floor. It supports the weight of the floor joists and other building elements. A joist is a horizontal member that generally runs across a floor and is supported by a beam.

• What are the three types of beam support?
  • Roller, pinned, and fixed connections are the three most common types of supports in beams and structures to connect them to its foundation. Any of these supports can be seen at any point in the length of a structural element.

• What is a stud in construction?

  • Also known as “studs”, wall studs are vertical framing members that help create wall structures. Typically pieces of wood or metal, wall studs are a fundamental part of the construction process as they form the underlying structure of your home.

• Is a ceiling joist a stud?

  • Although ceiling joists are not studs -- studs run vertically in walls -- a stud finder is an excellent way to locate them in a drywall-covered ceiling.

• What is the difference between a stud joist and rafter?

  • In a typical roof system, rafters provide vertical support for the roof and ceiling joists provide horizontal support. This prevents the roof from squatting under the weight of the roof system and shingles or tiles.

• What is considered a joist?

  • A joist is a horizontal structural member used in framing to span an open space, often between beams that subsequently transfer loads to vertical members. When incorporated into a floor framing system, joists serve to provide stiffness to the subfloor sheathing, allowing it to function as a horizontal diaphragm.

• What are the 3 types of studs?

  • Conclusion. Wall studs, from wood and metal to specialised I-studs and C-studs, form the backbone of construction. They play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity of the building, allowing for flexibility in design, and ensuring safety.

• What are table supports called?
  • leg – the main vertical piece which supports the top and raises it off the floor.

• What are the 3 types of framing for wood structures?

  • Modern wood framing essentially includes three types: balloon, platform and semi-balloon framing. With long lumber lengths, vertical load-bearing framing studs run continuously from foundation to roof. Intermediate horizontal floor joists are nailed to the sides of the vertical studs and bear on a ledger.

• What are the different types of framing?

  • Building framing is divided into two broad categories, heavy-frame construction (heavy framing) if the vertical supports are few and heavy such as in timber framing, pole building framing, or steel framing; or light-frame construction (light-framing) if the supports are more numerous and smaller, such as balloon,

• What is another name for platform framing?

  • Platform framing (also known as western framing) is the most common framing method for residential construction where each floor of a pole barn or conventional building is framed independently by nailing the horizontal framing member to the top of the wall studs.

• What do you call a table attach to a wall?

  • A wall mounted table is the ideal, flexible solution wherever your space is limited.